César gaviria net worth

Avianca Flight

airliner bombing

Avianca Flight was a Colombian domestic passenger flight from El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá to Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport in Cali, Colombia. It was destroyed by a bomb over the municipality of Soacha on November 27, [1] All people on board as well as three people on the ground were killed.

Cesar gaviria wiki fandom External links [ edit ]. Cervical Disk Disease. Retrieved 26 May During his tenure in this key cabinet post, he was responsible for drawing up major legislative initiatives on agrarian reform and tax reform, both of which were subsequently enacted by Congress.

The bombing had been ordered by the Medellín drug cartel.

Aircraft and crew

The aircraft was a Boeing with registration number HK, serial number , and&#;line number The aircraft was built in , and had its maiden flight on May 19 of the same year. The aircraft was delivered to Pan Am on May 28, and was registered as NPA.

Avianca acquired the aircraft in November , when it was re-registered as HK[2][3]

The captain was José Ignacio Ossa Aristizábal, the first officer was Fernando Pizarro Esguerra, and the flight engineer was Luis Jairo Castiblanco Vargas. There were three flight attendants on board.[4]

Flight

Flight took off as scheduled at &#;a.m.

Five minutes into the flight, at a speed of kilometres per hour (&#;mph) and an altitude of 13, feet (4,&#;m), an explosive charge detonated, causing fuel vapors in the empty central fuel tank to ignite. Eyewitnesses on the ground reported seeing fire erupt out of the right side of the aircraft's fuselage. A second blast ripped the airliner apart; the nose section separated from the tail section, which went down in flames.

The wreckage was scattered in a three-mile radius around the town of Soacha. All people on board were killed, as well as three people on the ground who were hit by falling debris.[2][5]

Background

An investigation determined that plastic explosives were used to destroy the plane.[6] Drug king Pablo Escobar, of the Medellín drug cartel, planned the bombing in the lead-up to the elections, hoping the bomb plot would kill presidential candidate César Gaviria Trujillo.[7]:&#;80&#;[8] One account states that two unidentified men dressed in suits who worked for Escobar carried the bomb on board.

  • Cesar gaviria young
  • César gaviria pablo escobar
  • César gaviria narcos actor
  • César gaviria actor

    • The men sat in seats 18A and 18K, located above the main fuel tank. At the last moment, one of the men left the aircraft, while his partner stayed on board and was killed in the bombing. A young Colombian man named Alberto Prieto was duped into staying on the flight and activating the bomb once the aircraft had become airborne thus unknowingly killing himself; he had been told the device was just a recorder he had to turn on to record the conversation of a nearby couple of passengers; because of this, the man had been nicknamed "El Suizo", or "The Swiss", in reference to his role as a "suicide" bomber.[9] Gaviria was not on the aircraft, despite Escobar's expectations, and went on to become President of Colombia.[7]:&#;81&#; Two Americans were among the dead, prompting the Bush administration to begin Intelligence Support Activity operations to find Escobar.[7]:&#;81&#;[10]

    Nine days after the bombing of the plane, the DAS Building bombing, presumably also ordered by the Medellín Cartel, killed 63 people in Bogotá.[11][12]

    Dandeny Muñoz Mosquera, the chief assassin for the Medellín Cartel, was convicted in in United States District Court of having been involved in the bombing and various other crimes, and was sentenced to 10 consecutive life sentences.[5][13]

    Avianca has not retired the flight number.

    Avianca is, as of , a flight from Orlando to Medellín.[14]

    Later events

    On November 28, , the Colombian newspaper El Espectador started publishing an investigative report, consisting of 8 chapters, on Flight [15] It argues that the explosion was caused by a malfunctioning fuel pump inside a tank which had been reported several times before.[16] The report was heavily criticized by Avianca and family members of the victims.[17]

    In popular culture

    This event is dramatized in Season 1, Episode 6 of Narcos ().[citation needed]

    See also

    References

    1. ^"Vuelo , 20 años después" [Flight , 20 years later].

      YouTube (in Spanish).

      Cesar gaviria y pablo escobar: Nel , durante il mandato del Presidente conservatore Misael Pastrana Borrero , venne designato come assistente direttore del Dipartimento Nazionale di Pianificazione DNP. Allarmati dalle implicazioni, Gaviria e il governo repressero il consumo di droghe in pubblico, firmando un decreto che proibiva il consumo di droga nei luoghi pubblici e imponeva sanzioni a ventiquattro categorie di lavoratori per uso di droghe, come impiegati del governo o autisti di veicoli. However, according to journalist Hernando Calvo Ospina, "the reality has shown that the Convivir have legalized networks of hired killers in the service of drug traffickers and landowners, while having as their main objective the use of the civilian population as a cover for the paramilitary movement. Before entering politics, he studied at the University of the Andes in the s.

      Testigo Directo. 27 November Archived from the original on Retrieved

    2. ^ abRanter, Harro. Ranter, Harro; Lujan, Fabian I.; Jackman, Frank; Millam, Mark; Solorzano, Liz; Martin, Louise; Shahidi, Hassan; Nolan, Conor; Quinn, Kenneth P.; Watret, John R.; Hamilton, John; Lederer, Jerry (eds.).

      "Aircraft accident Boeing HK Bogotá-Eldorado Airport (BOG)". Aviation Safety Network (ASN). Alexandria, United States: Flight Safety Foundation.

      Cesar gaviria wiki english Portale Biografie. The electoral race was marked by extensive terrorism and violence sponsored primarily by the Medellin drug traffickers. Voci correlate [ modifica modifica wikitesto ]. On 20 July , Escobar fled prison after he discovered that he was to be moved to another prison by the government, and he would be gunned down by the Search Bloc police force on 2 December after a year of Colombian Army operations.

      Archived from the original on 12 October Retrieved 5 June

    3. ^Saffe, Omar Alex; Simon, De Rudder; Pamela, de Boer; Low, Dana; Jeuken, Sandra; Dominguez, Gerardo; Rowson, James; Sowa, Sebastian. Saffe, Omar Alexander; De Rudder, Simon; De Boer, Pamela; Low, Dana; Dominguez, Gerardo; Jeuken, Sandra; Rowson, James; Sowa, Sebastian; Kuhn, Stefan; Stam, Erwin (eds.).

      "HK Boeing - , operated by Avianca". JetPhotos (). Stockholm, Sweden: Flightradar24 AB. Archived from the original on 28 November Retrieved 5 June

    4. ^"Tras 25 años, familiares de víctimas de explosión en avión de Avianca instaurarán demanda ante CIDH" [After 25 years, relatives of victims of an explosion in Avianca plane will file a complaint with the IACHR].

      RCN Radio (in Spanish). Retrieved

    5. ^ abPrendergast, Alan (17 May ). Calhoun, Patricia; Le, Jane R.; Wilson, Michael; Eul, Patrick; Arneson, Chris; Kirk, Erin; Seidel, Allie; Koepke, Tyler; Speed, Chris; Padilla, April; Hortik, Anna; Dunahay, Sarah; Kontrelos, Tracy; Tobias, Scott (eds.).

      "The hit man nobody knows". Westword. Denver, United States: Denver Westword, LLC. (Voice Media Group/VMG National/Voice Media Group, LLC.). Archived from the original on 5 February Retrieved 5 June

    6. ^González, Jorge (28 November ). Elvira, Enrique; Blasco, Isaac; Martínez, Álvaro; Juan, Fernández-Miranda; Rodríguez, Alexis; de Rivas, Eduardo; Sanz, Jorge; Gutiérrez, Isabel; Pérez, María Jesús; Ramírez, Nuria; Basco, Sebastián; Luca de Tena, Catalina; Rubido Ramonde, Bieito (eds.).

      "Más de cien muertos al estallar en vuelo un avión colombiano" [More than a hundred dead when a Colombian plane explodes in flight]. Diario ABC (in Spanish). Vol.&#;86, no.&#; Madrid, Spain: Diario ABC, S.L. (Grupo Vocento/Vocento, S.A.). p.&#; ISSN&#;

    7. ^ abcBowden, Mark ().

      Killing Pablo: The Hunt for the World's Greatest Outlaw (1st&#;ed.). New York, United States: Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN&#;.

    8. ^"OBJETIVO: GAVIRIA" [OBJECTIVE: GAVIRIA]. Semana (in Spanish). 8 May Retrieved
    9. ^Viana, Israel (27 November ).

    10. Cesar gaviria y pablo escobar
    11. Cesar gaviria wiki discography
    12. Cesar gaviria biografia

      13. Elvira, Enrique; Blasco, Isaac; Martínez, Álvaro; Juan, Fernández-Miranda; Rodríguez, Alexis; de Rivas, Eduardo; Sanz, Jorge; Gutiérrez, Isabel; Pérez, María Jesús; Ramírez, Nuria; Basco, Sebastián; Luca de Tena, Catalina; Rubido Ramonde, Bieito (eds.). "Avianca lo que no te contaron de los muertos (y sus asesinos) del peor atentado de Pablo Escobar" [Avianca what they didn't tell you about the dead (and their murderers) of Pablo Escobar's worst attack].

      Diario ABC (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Diario ABC, S.L. (Grupo Vocento/Vocento, S.A.). ISSN&#; Archived from the original on 4 December Retrieved 5 June

    13. ^Semana (). "El 'Suizo', el hombre que voló avión de Avianca durante los aciagos tiempos del narcoterrorismo" [The 'Swiss', the man who flew Avianca's plane during the dark days of narcoterrorism].

      Últimas Noticias de Colombia y el Mundo (in Spanish). Semana. Archived from the original on Retrieved

    14. ^McFadden, Robert D. (December 20, ). "Drug Trafficker Convicted Of Blowing Up Jetliner". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 November
    15. ^"Man Who Bombed Avianca Flight Sentenced to Life".

      Cesar gaviria wiki Opere [ modifica modifica wikitesto ]. In , during Conservative President Belasario Betancourt's term in office he was elected by a bipartisan majority of his colleagues to a one-year term as president of the House of Representatives. Voce Discussione. Presidency [ ] Gaviria giving a speech on Escobar's escape in In , Gaviria was forced to allow Escobar to build the La Catedral prison under his own specifications after the Colombian police accidentally killed the journalist Diana Turbay while she was a hostage of Escobar, and Gaviria lost the support of his dear friend, the former president Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala due to his inaction during the negotiations with Escobar over the release of the hostages.

      Associated Press. Archived from the original on Retrieved

    16. ^Cooper, Michael (). "For Medellin Assassin, 10 Life Sentences". The New York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved
    17. ^"AV (AVA) Avianca Flight Tracking and History". FlightAware. Retrieved
    18. ^Hoffman, Thomas; Correa, Pablo; Silva, Sergio.

      "Avianca , la historia que nunca nos contaron" [Avianca , the story they never told us]. El Espectador (in Spanish). Retrieved

    19. ^Hoffman, Thomas; Correa, Pablo; Silva, Sergio (December 2, ). "Avianca , la historia que nunca nos contaron. Capitulo 5: El detalle inconveniente" [Avianca , the story they never told us.

      Chapter 5: The inconvenient detail]. El Espectador (in Spanish).

      Horacio carrillo In cities, these groups carried out social cleaning missions. During his tenure in this key cabinet post, he was responsible for drawing up major legislative initiatives on agrarian reform and tax reform, both of which were subsequently enacted by Congress. Leggi Modifica Modifica wikitesto Cronologia. Onorificenze [ modifica modifica wikitesto ].

      Archived from the original on Retrieved

    20. ^"Familiares de fallecidos de avión de Avianca, en , responden a investigación de El Espectador" [Family members of Avianca's plane dead in respond to El Espectador's investigation]. El Espectador (in Spanish). Retrieved

    External links